CPET 499/ITC 250 Web Systems

Web Server Configuration and Trouble Shooting

References

· Apache HTTP Server Project, http://httpd.apache.org/

o Apache httpd 2.4.10 Released, 2014-07-21

· XAMPP Server, https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html

· Wamp Server, http://www.wampserver.com/en/

· Apache HTTP Server 2.2 Server Administration Vol. I, 2010, by The Apache Software Foundation

· Apache – The Definitive Guide, 2003, by Ben Laurie & Peter Laurie, published by O’REILLY

· Apache Cookbook, 2008, by Ken Coar & Rich Bowen, published by O’REILLY

· IIS, http://www.iis.net/

Topics on Web Server

· Configuration

· Virtual Hosts

· Authentication

· Content Description and Modification

· Indexing

· Redirection

· Proxying

· Logging

· Security

· Running a Big Web Site

· Building Applications

· Server-Side Includes

· PHP

· CGI and Perl

· mod_perl

· mod_jserv and Tomcat

· The Apache API

· Writing Apache Modules

1. Web Servers

· Apache

· Nginx, http://nginx.org/en/

· Microsoft IIS

· Google Mongoose, http://code.google.com/p/mongoose/

October 2014 Web Server Survey, http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2014/10/10/october-2014-web-server-survey.html

Server Administration Knowledge/Skills

· Building, Installation, Upgrading

· Configuration

o Configuration Files

o Configuration Sections

· Starting, Stopping, Restarting

· Adding common modules

· Logging

· Virtual Hosts

· Aliases, Redirecting, and Rewriting

· Security

· Installing SSL

· Dynamic Content

o Enabling CGI scripts, PHP, Perl, Python

· Error Handling

· Proxies

· Performance

· Directory Listings

2. IPv6 References

· IPV6 Technical Overview, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6

· IPv4 vs. IPv6

o IPv4, 32-bit, 4.3 billion (4.3 x 10^9) IPs

o IPv6, 128-bit, 340 undecillion (3.4 x 10^38) IPs

§ Addressing:

· 8 groups of 4-hex digits separated by colons

· 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

· IPV6, Internet Society, http://www.internetsociety.org/what-we-do/internet-technology-matters/ipv6

· RFC 2460 Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification, Dec. 1998, http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460

· Test Your IPv6 Connectivity, http://test-ipv6.com/

3. IIS Web Server

ASP.NET and IIS Configuration, http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178477(v=vs.100).aspx

Microsoft IIS Configuration Reference, http://www.iis.net/configreference

4. Apache Web Server

Apache Folders/Subdirectories (XAMPP example)

· apache

o /bin/

o /conf/httpd.conf …… the configuration file

§ Listening port 80 (default)

§ LoadModule

§ ServerName localhost:80

§ DocumentRoot “C:/xampp/htdocs”

§ <Directory “C:/xampp/htdocs”> … </Directory>

§ <Directory “C:/xampp/cgi-bin”> … </Directory>

o /conf/exta

o /conf/original

o /conf/ssl.crt

o /conf/ssl.csr

o /conf/ssl.key

o /error

o /icons

o /include

o /lib

o /logs

o /manual

o /modules

o /scripts

· htdocs

· cgi-bin

· php

· perl

· phpMyAdmin

Apache and TCP/IP Ports

Processes (viewed from Window Task Manager)

· httpd.exe *32 …. Apache server (PID: 1244)

· httpd.exe *32 …. Apache server (PID: 9188)

NNTP: Port number (Network News Transport Protocol)

SMTP: Port number (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

DNS: Port number (Domain Name Service)

HTTP: Port number 80

Apache SSI (Server Side Includes), http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/ssi.html

· SSI are directives that are placed in HTML pages, and evaluated on the server while the pages are being served.

· Add dynamically generated contents to an existing HTML page

· Examples

· Configuring the HTTP server to permit SSI (httpd.conf OR in a .htaccess file)

· Basic SSI Directives

o Today’s date

o Modification date of the file

§

o Including the results of a CGI program

§ <!--#include virtual=”/cgi-bin/counter.pl”>

o Executing commands

§ <pre>

§

Apache 2.2 Directives, http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html

· Block Directives

o <Directory> … </Directory>

o <DirectoryMatch> … <DirectoryMatch>

o <Files> … </Files>

o <FilesMatch> … </FilesMatch>

o <IfDefine> … </IfDefine>

o <IfModule> … <IfModule>

o <IfVersion> …. <IfVersion

o <Limit> … <LimitExcept>

o <Location> … <Location>

o <LocationMatch> … <LocationMatch>

o <VirtualHost> … <VirtualHost>

· Configuration Directives

<Files>

<VirtualHost>, http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#virtualhost

Options Indexes FollowsSymLinks Includes ExecCGI

AllowOverride All

Require all granted

</Directory>

Window

· net start apache

· net stop apache

Apache and Domain Name Servers

· Multiple sites (Linux)

o Utility ifconfig => binds IP addresses to physical interfaces

· Multiple sites: (Windows)

Virtual Host and Examples, http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/examples.html

· Running several name-based web sites on a single IP address

o One IP address

o Multiple aliases point to this machine in DNS

o Example: run a web server for www.example.com and www.example.org on this machine

· Name-based hosts on more than IP address

o Two IP address (any number of IP)

· Serving the name content on different IP addresses (such as an internal and external address)

· Running different sites on different ports

· IP-based virtual hosting

· Listen to port 80

· Two server names: www.example.com; www.example.org

· Mixed port-based and IP-based virtual hosts

· Two IP addresses

· Run hosts on port 80 and 8080

· Mixed name-based and IP-based vvhosts

· Using Virtual_host and mod_proxy together

· Using_default_vhosts

· Migrating a name-based vhosts to an IP-based vhost

· Using the ServerPath directive

Virtual Host Examples, http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/examples.html

· VirtualHost Example, http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#virtualhost

<VirtualHost 10.1.2.3:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@host.example.com
DocumentRoot /www/docs/host.example.com
ServerName host.example.com
ErrorLog logs/host.example.com-error_log
TransferLog logs/host.example.com-access_log
</VirtualHost>

· IPv6 Example

<VirtualHost [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@host.example.com
DocumentRoot /www/docs/host.example.com
ServerName host.example.com
ErrorLog logs/host.example.com-error_log
TransferLog logs/host.example.com-access_log
</VirtualHost>

· Running several name-based web sites on a single IP address

Server configuration:

# Ensure that Apache listens on port 80
Listen 80

# Listen for virtual host requests on all IP addresses
NameVirtualHost *:80

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /www/example1
ServerName www.example.com

# Other directives here
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /www/example2
ServerName www.example.org

# Other directives here

</VirtualHost>

· Name-based hosts on more than one IP address.

Two IP addresses: 172.20.30.40; 172.20.30.50

Server configuration:

Listen 80

# This is the "main" server running on 172.20.30.40
ServerName server.domain.com
DocumentRoot /www/mainserver

# This is the other address
NameVirtualHost 172.20.30.50

<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50>
DocumentRoot /www/example1
ServerName www.example.com

# Other directives here ...

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 172.20.30.50>
DocumentRoot /www/example2
ServerName www.example.org

# Other directives here ...

</VirtualHost>

Apache or XAMPP Startup Problem

See what’s Using Port 80:
1) start => command

2) netstat –ao

ð TCP 0.0.0.0:80 PID 4

3) Task Manager

Kill the process

NT Kernel & System?

4) Administrative Tools

=> Services

Opening Up Port 80 for Apache to Use on Windows,

http://www.devside.net/wamp-server/opening-up-port-80-for-apache-to-use-on-windows

ð Administrative Tools => Web Deployment Agent Service (STOP this service)