Location Based Services

Nov. 17, 2014

References

· Location Strategies, Android Developer Web site, http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/location/strategies.html

· Location and Sensors APIs, http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/sensors/index.html

· Location and Maps, http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/location/index.html

· Ch. 14. Using Location-Based Services (LBS) APIs, from the book Android Wireless Application Development, 2^nd Edition, by Laurent Darcey and Shane Condo, published by Addison Wesley, pp. 317-333.

· Ch. 12. Location-Based Services, from the book The Android Developer’s Cookbook, 2^nd Edition, by Ronan Schwarz, Phil Duston, James Steel, and Nelson To, published by Addison Wesley, pp. 315-341

· Location-Based Services, by Kathryn Zickuhr, PewResearch Internet Project, Sept. 12, 2013, http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/09/12/location-based-services/

· Best Practices and Guidelines for Location Based Services, http://www.ctia.org/policy-initiatives/voluntary-guidelines/best-practices-and-guidelines-for-location-based-services

· iParking: An Intelligent Indoor Location-Based Parking Services, by J. Liu, R. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Pei, and L. Chen, Sensors 2012, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3522932/

1. Location-Based Services (LBS)

· Definition:

o A general class of computer program-level services that use location to control features. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location-based_service

o An information service that use information on the geographical position of the mobile device

o LBS are used in a variety of context, such as health, Indoor object search, entertainment, work, personal life.

· Application Examples

o Most popular mobile apps use and integrate location with many functions, such as

§ Internet searching

§ Picture taking

§ Gaming

§ Social networking

· LBS Apps

o Mobile Commerce

o GPS-based app

o ATM locator

o Mapping apps

o Parking space locator, parking spot tracker

o GPS navigation

o Parcel tracking

o Vehicle tracking

o Proximity alerts

o Geocoding translations

· Companies that offer LBS products

o TCS, http://www.telecomsys.com/products/default.aspx

§ Enabling Convergent Technologies

§ Mobile Communication Technologies

§ Products

· Connected health

· Emergency alerts

· Messaging

· Navigation and Telematics

· Public Safety Solution (Wireless E9-1-1, E1-1-2)

· Work force tracking

· Parking services

o Pango Mobile Parking, http://www.parking-net.com/parking-industry/pango-mobile-parking

§ On-street parking and open service lots

§ Gated off-street garages

§ Valet service system

§ Location-based advertising and promotions

· Location-Based Services Products, Broadcom, http://www.broadcom.com/products/GPS/Location-Based-Services

o Worldwide Reference Network (WWRN), AGSP Server, GLONASS, Long Term Orbits (LTO), SUPL Location Platform (SLP)

· Location Based Services Startups, https://angel.co/location-based-services

· Mobile Startups, https://angel.co/mobile-2

2. Location (geography), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location_(geography)

· The terms location and place in geography are used to identify a point or an area on the Earth’s surface or elsewhere.

· Latitude, Longitude

3. Worldatlas, http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/imageg.htm

· Latitude – the angular distance in degree, minutes, and seconds of a point north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels.

4. Best Practices and Guidelines for Location Based Services, http://www.ctia.org/policy-initiatives/voluntary-guidelines/best-practices-and-guidelines-for-location-based-services

5. Satellite Communications

GOES (Geostationary Satellite) Systems

36,000 km above the equator
Transponder data rate – 50 Mbps, at 4/6. 11/14, and 20/30 GHz bands

LEOS (Low-Earth Orbit Satellite) Systems
MEOS (Multiple-mission Earth Observatory Satellite) Systems
GPS (satellite), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_(satellite)

Navistar 1, 1^st GPS system, launched Feb. 22, 1978

GOES Satellite

Significant satellite operators & Industries

http://www.3g-generation.com/satellite.htm

GOES Satellites http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/rs /sat/goes/home.rxml
GOES Science Projects http://rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/
GOES Servers

LEO Satellite

Overview of LEO Satellite Systems

http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/meetings/art/art99/slid es99/red/red_s.pdf

LEOS (Low-Earth Orbit Satellite)

Technologies and Trends - http://www.mindbranch.com/listing/product/R201-084.html

Routing and Multicasting in LEO Satellite IP Networks, http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~cchen/routing/drp.ht ml

MEOS Satellite

Multiple-mission Earth Observatory Satellite, http://www.eumetsat.de/en/area2/proceedi ngs/eump33/pdf/session_5/software/oynes.pdf

Power Radiation Pattern

Isotropic (unidirectional) – equal transmission energy in all direction
Anisotropic (directional) – different in one or more directions

The GPS satellites, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_(satellite)

· Navistar 1, 1^st GPS system, launched Feb. 22, 1978

· Circle the Earth at an altitude of about 20,000 km and complete two full orbit every day.

· Block I satellites (10), Navistar 1, launched 10 Block I GPSs, Navistar 7 was lost

· Block II satellites (28), launched on 1989 – 1990; the final satellite was decommissioned on March 15, 2007, well past its 7.5 year design life

· Block IIA (19), 1990 – 1997; As of Jan. 17, 2009, 6 satellite have been removed from service

· Block IIR (12), 1997 -?

· Block IIR-M, include a new military signal and a robust civil signal, known as L2C; launched period 2005-2009

· Block IIF, launched 2011, a design life of 12 years.

· Block IIIA, awarded contract to Lockheed Martin in 2008, up to 32 satellites with a design life of 15 years

GPS Magazines

· GPS world

· GPS magazine

6. Location Strategies, Android Developer Web site, http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/location/strategies.html

7. Android-based LBS Packages, Classes

package android.location, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/package-summary.html

· Contains the framework API classes that define Android location-based and related service

· Interfaces

o GpsStatus.Listener

o GpgStatus.NmeaListener

o LocationListener

· Classes

o Location, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/Location.html

§ A data class representing a geographic location

§ A location can consists of a latitude, longitude, timestamp, and other information such as bearing, altitude and velocity

o LocationManager, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/LocationManager.html

§ This class provides access to the system location services.

§ Allow applications to obtain periodic updates of device’s geographic location, or to fire an application-specified Intent when the device enters the proximity of a given geographical location.

o LocationProvider, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/LocationProvider.html

§ An abstract superclass for location providers.

§ A location provider provides periodic reports on the geographic location of the device

o Address, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/Address.html

§ A class representing an Address, i.e. a set of Strings describing a location. The address format is a simplified version of xAL.

§ OASIX xAL (eXtensible Address Language) Standard V2.0, http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/ciq/ciq.html#6

o Criteria, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/Criteria.html

§ A class indicating the application criteria for selecting a location provider.

§ Providers may be ordered according to accuracy, power usage, ability to report altitude, speed, and bearing, and monetary cost.

o Geocoder, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/Criteria.html .

§ A class for handling geocoding and reverse geocoding

§ Geocoding is the process of transforming a street address or other description of a location into a (latitude, longitude) coordinate into a (partial) address.

o GpsSatellite, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/GpsSatellite.html

§ Represents the current state of a GPS satellite

· float getAzimuth() – returns the azimuth of satellite in degrees between 0 and 360

· float getElevation() – returns the elevation of the satellite in degrees between 0 to 90

· getPrn() – returns the PRN (pseudo-random number) for the satellite

· getSnR() – return the signal to noise ratio for the satellite

· hadAlmanac() – returns true if the GPS engine has almanac data for the satellite

· hasEphemeris() – returns true if the GPS engine has ephemeris data for the satellite

· usedInFix() – return true if the satellite was used by the GPS engine when calculating the most recent GPS fix

o GpsStatus, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/GpsStatus.html

§ This class represents the current state of the GPS engine

§ getMaxSatellites()

§ getSatellite()

§ getTimeToFirstFix()

o SettingInjectorService, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/SettingInjectorService.html

§ Dynamically specifies the enabled status of preference injected into the list of app settings displayed by the system setting app.

Google Location Services API

· Part of Google Play services, is the preferred way to add location-awareness to your app. It offers a simpler API, higher accuracy, high-power geofencing, and more

· Interfaces

o public static interface GpsStatus.Listener, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/GpsStatus.Listener.html

§ Used for receiving notifications when GPS status has changed

o GpSStatus.NMealListner – Used for receiving NMEA sentences from the GPS

o LocationListner – Used for receiving notifications from the LocationManager when the location has changed

Google Maps, https://www.google.com/maps/@41.158307,-85.0498925,13z

· Latitude and longitude coordinates, https://support.google.com/maps/answer/18539?hl=en

o Degrees, minutes and second (DMS)

o Degrees and decimal minutes (DMM)

o Decimal degrees (DDD)

Android Location Based Service Examples

· Making Your App Location Aware, https://developer.android.com/training/location/index.html