CPET 581 Smart Grid & Energy Management

Friday 6:00-8:45PM

2013/10/18

Lecture 11

Topics of Discussion

· EV Charging Stations Project – team discussion

· SmartGrid Plug-In Vehicle Project

· EV & SmartGrid Integration

· Smart Grid Technology Roadmap

· Smart Grid Technology Areas: Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Industrial, Service, Residential

· Smart Grid Deployment

o Demonstration & Deployment Efforts

· Smart Grid Interoperability Standards

Energy Management Related News

· Aluminum Glut Claims Major Smelter in Oho (Ormet Corp), by John W. Miller and Stephanie Gleason, WSJ, Oct. 18, 2013, page B3

o Ormet Corp, a 57 years company located in Hannibal, OH, was the 4^th largest U.S. aluminum maker,

§ Was operating under bankruptcy court protection since it files Chapter 11 protection in February 2013, more than 750 employee out of 1,188 has being lay off

§ Shut the 272,000 ton-a-year smelter this month after failing to persuade Ohio regulators to increase subsidies on its electricity purchase.

§ Aluminum prices slipping to under $1,800 a ton, from over $2,600 two years ago

§ Cost Mitigation

· Power from AEP typically accounts for between ¼ to 1/3 of a smelter’s operating cost (Negotiated for a lower rate?)

· Regulators said they had already provided $346 million in discounts over the last 4 years

· Failed the plan to switch the plant to use natural-gas produced electricity

§ Hope to sell the smelter to Wayzata Investment Partners LLC, for more than $200 million dollar; failed due to the fact that Ormet couldn’t negotiate a steeper electricity discount

§ Found another potential buyer for a refinery in Burnside LA

· Portable Solar System Cut the Need for Dangerous Fuel Conveys in Afghanistan, by Ehren Gooseens, Bloomberg Businesweek, pp. 35-36

· The Army Goes Green, But Not to Save the Earth, by Ehren Goosens, Oct. 14-20, 2013, Bloomber Businessweek, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-10/the-u-dot-s-dot-army-adopts-renewable-energy-as-a-way-to-improve-troop-safety

· Cheap Solar Irrigartion, Oct. 14-20, 2013,by Nick Leiber, Bloomber Businessweek,, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-10/innovation-sunwaters-cheap-solar-powered-irrigation

California ISO/EPRI Smart Grid Roadmap & Architecture

· Key Smart Grid Drivers:

o Energy supply from renewables

o CO2 emission level rolled back to 1990 level by 2020

o One million roof-top solar panels

o Large investment in energy conservation & delivery

o New Once-Through Cooling regulation affecting coastal plants 2012-2024

o Large investments in smart grid (smart meters, storage, etc)

· Smart Grid Objectives (research, pilot, implement, integrate smart grid technologies)

o Increase grid visibility, efficiency, and reliability

o Enable diverse generation including utility-scale renewable resources, demand response, storage and smaller-scale solar PV technologies to fully participate in the wholesale market

o Provide enhanced physical and cyber security

· The Expected Benefits

o Ability to recognize grid problems sooner and resolve them

o Efficiently use the transmission system to defer or displace costly transmission investments

o Enable customers to react to grid conditions making them active participants in their energy use

o Leverage conventional generation and emerging technologies when possible including distributed energy resources, demand response and energy storage, to address the challenges introduced by variable renewable resources

References: EV & Hybrid EV Charging Stations & SmartGrid Plug-In Vehicles Projects

· GE’s New EV Charging Station Projects, Jan. 2012, http://www.gereports.com/ges-new-ev-charging-station-project-aims-to-reduce-installation-costs/

· EVlink Charging Solutions, Schneider Electric, http://www.schneider-electric.us/sites/us/en/solutions/energy-efficiency/electric-vehicles/electric-vehicles.page

· Find your Charge on the Go, http://carstations.com/

a. Charger types: J1772 (AVCON), Large Paddle Inductive, Small Paddle Inductive, NEMA 5, NEMA 14-50, SAE J1772-2010, CHAdeMO

· EV and Charging Stations, City of Boulder, Colorado, https://bouldercolorado.gov/pages/electric-vehicles-and-charging-stations

a. EV & Charging Stations, http://user.govoutreach.com/boulder/faq.php?cid=23683

· EV Integration into SmartGrid of the Future with UCLA WINSmartGrid Technology, Energy Research Center, http://smartgrid.ucla.edu/EV/

· ChargingPoint, National Grid, and NYSERDA Launch EV Charging Station Project in Upstate New York, 2013/5/31, http://smartgrid.testing-blog.com/2013/05/31/chargepoint-national-grid-and-nyserda-launch-electric-vehicle-charging-station-project-in-upstate-new-york/

· Plug-In EV, Kansas City, http://www.kcplsave.com/residential/programs_and_services/plug_in_vehicles/how_it_works.html

References: Charging Stations & Standards

· Clean Cities, Dept. of Energy, http://www1.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/

· Plug-In EV Handbook for Public Charging Stations (20 pages), U.S. Dept of Energy, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/51227.pdf

· Charging Station, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station

a. Telsa Roadster Sport (Shizuoka, Japan)

b. Nissan Leaf (NRG Energy eVgo station)

c. Public Charging Station (2009), San Francisco

d. Brammo Empulse electric motorcycle at an AeroVironment charging station

· EV Charging Station – Standards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station

a. SAE

· 240 V AC charging – Level 2 charging

· 500 V DC – DC Fast Charging

b. IEC Modes definitions (International Electrotechnical Commission)

· Mode 1 – Slow charging from a regular electric socket (1 or 3 –phase)

· Mode 2 – Slow charging from a regular socket but which equipped with some EV specific protection arrangement (e.g., the Park & Charge or the PARVE systems)

· Mode 3 – Slow or fast charging using a specific EV multi-pin socket with control and functions (e.g., SAE J1772 and IEC 62196)

· Mode 4 – Fast charging using some special charge technology such as CHAdeMO

c. Four Plug-Types

· Type 1 – Single phase vehicle coupler – reflecting the SAE J1772/2009 automotive plug specification

· Type 2 – Single and three phase vehicle coupler – reflecting the VDE-AR-E-2623-2-2 plug specification

· Type 3 – Single and three phase vehicle coupler equipped with safety shutters – reflecting the EV Plug Alliance proposal

· Type 4 – Fast charge coupler – for special systems such as CHAdeMO

· EV & Plug-in EV Charging Station <-> Smart grid communication, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station

a. SAE International: SAE J28471/1: “Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid

b. ISO/IEC 15118: Road vehicles – Vehicle to grid communication interface

· Charging Station Manufacturers

· Charging Network Operators

a. ChargePoint

b. ECOtality: Blink Network

c. Better Place

d. Fullcharger International

· Battery Swapping

· Renewable electricity and RE charging stations

o SPARC station (Solar Powered Automotive ReCharging station)

o Wind-Powered charging station: Urban Green Energy (4 kW vertical-axis wind turbine paired with GEWatttation

References

[ 1 ] Smart Grid Road Map, 2011, IEA Free Publication, http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/smartgrids_roadmap.pdf

[ 2 ] Free Publications, International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org/publications/

[ 3 ] Smart Grid Roadmap and Architecture, California ISO/EPRI, December 2010, http://www.smartgrid.epri.com/doc/cal%20iso%20roadmap_public.pdf

[ 4 ] NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Release 2.0, 227 pages, http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST_Framework_Release_2-0_corr.pdf

[ 5 ] NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Update, July 25, 2011, http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/doc/files/National_Institute_Standards_Technology_NIST_Smart_Grid_Inte_201103.pdf

[ 6 ] NIST Smart Grid Advisory Committee (SGAC) Report, 2011, 70 pages, http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/doc/files/NIST_Smart_Grid_Advisory_Committee_SGAC_Report.pdf

Smart Grid Demos

[ 1 ] EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) Smart Grid Demo Projects (Youtube), http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLphKrnecF69X0MxPf4aHDu1UJHNn8wGuq

a. EDF Smart Grid Demo, 2012

b. PNM/EPRI Smart Grid Demo

c. KCP&L/EPRI Smart Grid Demo

d. Smart Grid Application – Southern Company’s Approach

[ 2 ] Smart Grid Demos – Integration of Distributed Energy Resources, EPRI Smart Grid Resource Center, http://smartgrid.epri.com/Demo.aspx

a. Smart Grid Demonstration Five-Year Update, 28 pages, 08/10/2013

b. Smart Grid Demonstration Four-Year Update, 07/26/2012

c. Smart Grid Demonstration Three-Year Update, 07/21/2011

d. Smart Grid Demonstration Two-Year Update, 08/20/2010

[ 3 ] Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demo Project, http://www.pnwsmartgrid.org/

a. Transactive Control

b. Integrating Renewable Energy

c. Improving Reliability

d. Keeping the Cost Down

e. Empowering Consumers

[ 4 ] The Pecan Street Project, Texas, http://www.pecanstreet.org/projects/smart-grid-demonstration/

[ 5 ] Lower Valley Energy, http://www.lvenergy.com/smart-grid-demo-project-moves-forward/

[ 6 ] Residential Smart Grid Solutions – Lutron, http://www.lutron.com/en-US/Residential-Commercial-Solutions/Pages/Residential-Solutions/ResidentialSmartGridSolutions.aspx

References - Smart Grid Projects

· Sacramento Municipal Utility District, http://www.smartgrid.gov/project/sacramento_municipal_utility_district_smartsacramento