CPET 581 Smart Grid & Energy Management
2013/10/8
& 10/10
Tuesday
4:30-5:45PM & Thursday 4:30-5:45PM
Lecture
9/10
Topics
of Discussion
· Smart Grid Technology Roadmap
· Smart Grid Technology Areas: Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Industrial, Service, Residential
· Smart Grid Deployment
o Demonstration & Deployment Efforts
· Smart Grid Interoperability Standards
WSJ, 10/5/2013
Investors Bet Big on Hydroelectric Plants, 2013/10/5, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303643304579107590118304648.html
o Burton Creek, Sam Perry’s restored hydroelectric plant near Mount Rainier National Park, with 550 ft fall (Sollos Energy LLC of Mancos, Colo)
o 5,000 gallons of water per minute, falls 550 ft into a turbine at the base of the falls
o Generate electricity $12,000 per month
o Generating capacity: 480 kWh, at 3 to 4 cents per kWh, which would produce electricity worth around $400 per day, $12,000 monthly during peak periods (from November to late June)
o Mr. Perry would expect to break even on his his investment within 5 years
o 1978 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA)
o Licenses issued by Hydropower dams, by size, 9/30/2013, Federal Energy Resources Commission
· Video, http://stream.wsj.com/story/world-stream/SS-2-44156/SS-2-346688/?mod=wsj_streaming_world-stream
Ohio Smelter Faces Shutdown Without Utility Rate Relief, 10/5/2013, WSJ, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303492504579113341291138108.html
Smart Grid Technology Area [1, pages 17-21] {NTEL, 2010 and NIST 2010}; V – completely covered, V- slightly overlapped
|
Generation |
Transmission |
Distribution |
Industrial |
Service |
Residential |
Wide Area Monitoring & Control |
v |
v |
v- |
|
|
|
Information & Communication Technology Integration |
v |
v |
v |
v |
v |
v |
Renewable & Distributed Generation Integration |
v |
v |
v |
v |
v |
v |
Transmission Enhancement Applications |
v- |
v |
v- |
|
|
|
Distribution & Management |
|
v- |
v |
v- |
|
|
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) |
|
|
v |
v |
v |
v |
EV Charging Infrastructure |
|
|
v |
v |
v |
v |
Customer-side Systems |
|
|
|
v |
v |
v |
Smart Grid Technologies [1, page 21]
Technology Areas |
Hardware |
Systems
and Software |
Wide Area Monitoring & Control |
Phase measurement units (PMU) & other sensor equipment |
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), WAMS (Wide Area Monitoring Systems), WAAPCA (Wide-Area Adaptive Protection, Control & Automation), WASA (Wide-Area Situation Awareness) |
Information & Communication Technology Integration |
Communication equipment (Power line carrier, WIMAX, LTE, RF mesh network, cellular), routers, relays, switches, gateway, computers (servers) |
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, Customer Information System (CIS) |
Renewable & Distributed Generation Integration |
Power
conditioning equipment for bulk
power and grid support, communication
and control hardware for
generation and enabling storage technology |
Energy management system (EMS), distribution management system (DMS), SCADA,
geographic Information system (GIS) |
Transmission Enhancement Applications |
Superconductors, FACTS, HVDC |
Network stability analysis, automatic recovery systems |
Distribution & Management |
Automated
re-closers, switches and
capacitors, remote controlled distributed
generation and storage, transformer
sensors, wire and cable sensors |
Geographic
information system (GIS), distribution management system (DMS), outage management system (OMS), workforce management system (WMS) |
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) |
Smart meter, in-home displays, servers, relays |
Meter data management system (MDMS) |
EV Charging Infrastructure |
Charging infrastructure, batteries, inverters |
Energy billing, smart-grid to-vehicle charging (G2V) and discharging vehicle-to-grid (V2G) methodologies |
Customer-side Systems |
Smart
appliances, routers, in-home display,
building automation systems, thermal
accumulators, smart
thermostat |
Energy
dashboards, energy
management systems, energy applications for smart phones
and tablets |
Maturity Levels & Development Trends of Smart Grid Technologies [1, page 22]
Technology Areas |
Maturity Level |
Development Trend |
Wide Area Monitoring & Control |
Developing |
Fast |
Information & Communication Technology Integration |
Mature |
Fast |
Renewable & Distributed Generation Integration |
Developing |
Fast |
Transmission Enhancement Applications |
Mature |
Moderate |
Distribution & Management |
Developing |
Moderate |
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) |
Mature |
Fast |
EV Charging Infrastructure |
Developing |
Fast |
Customer-side Systems |
Developing |
Fast |
California ISO/EPRI Smart Grid Roadmap & Architecture [3]
· Key Smart Grid Drivers:
o Energy supply from renewables
o CO2 emission level rolled back to 1990 level by 2020
o One million roof-top solar panels
o Large investment in energy conservation & delivery
o New Once-Through Cooling regulation affecting coastal plants 2012-2024
o Large investments in smart grid (smart meters, storage, etc)
· Smart Grid Objectives (research, pilot, implement, integrate smart grid technologies)
o Increase grid visibility, efficiency, and reliability
o Enable diverse generation including utility-scale renewable resources, demand response, storage and smaller-scale solar PV technologies to fully participate in the wholesale market
o Provide enhanced physical and cyber security
· The Expected Benefits
o Ability to recognize grid problems sooner and resolve them
o Efficiently use the transmission system to defer or displace costly transmission investments
o Enable customers to react to grid conditions making them active participants in their energy use
o Leverage conventional generation and emerging technologies when possible including distributed energy resources, demand response and energy storage, to address the challenges introduced by variable renewable resources
References
[ 1 ] Smart Grid Road Map, 2011, IEA Free Publication, http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/smartgrids_roadmap.pdf
[ 2 ] Free Publications, International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org/publications/
[ 3 ] Smart
Grid Roadmap and Architecture, California ISO/EPRI, December 2010, http://www.smartgrid.epri.com/doc/cal%20iso%20roadmap_public.pdf
[ 4 ] NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Release 2.0, 227 pages, http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST_Framework_Release_2-0_corr.pdf
[ 5 ] NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Update, July 25, 2011, http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/doc/files/National_Institute_Standards_Technology_NIST_Smart_Grid_Inte_201103.pdf
[ 6 ] NIST Smart Grid Advisory Committee (SGAC) Report, 2011, 70 pages, http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/doc/files/NIST_Smart_Grid_Advisory_Committee_SGAC_Report.pdf
Smart Grid Demos
[ 1 ] EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) Smart Grid Demo Projects (Youtube), http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLphKrnecF69X0MxPf4aHDu1UJHNn8wGuq
a. EDF Smart Grid Demo, 2012
b. PNM/EPRI Smart Grid Demo
c. KCP&L/EPRI Smart Grid Demo
d. Smart Grid Application – Southern Company’s Approach
[ 2 ] Smart Grid Demos – Integration of Distributed Energy Resources, EPRI Smart Grid Resource Center, http://smartgrid.epri.com/Demo.aspx
a. Smart Grid Demonstration Five-Year Update, 28 pages, 08/10/2013
b. Smart Grid Demonstration Four-Year Update, 07/26/2012
c. Smart Grid Demonstration Three-Year Update, 07/21/2011
d. Smart Grid Demonstration Two-Year Update, 08/20/2010
[ 3 ] Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demo Project, http://www.pnwsmartgrid.org/
a. Transactive Control
b. Integrating Renewable Energy
c. Improving Reliability
d. Keeping the Cost Down
e. Empowering Consumers
[ 4 ] The Pecan Street Project, Texas, http://www.pecanstreet.org/projects/smart-grid-demonstration/
[ 5 ] Lower Valley Energy, http://www.lvenergy.com/smart-grid-demo-project-moves-forward/
[ 6 ] Residential Smart Grid Solutions – Lutron, http://www.lutron.com/en-US/Residential-Commercial-Solutions/Pages/Residential-Solutions/ResidentialSmartGridSolutions.aspx