CPET 581 Smart Grid & Energy Management
Friday 6:00-8:45PM
2013/11/15
Lecture 15
Topics of Discussion
· Smart Energy and Energy Management
· Power Grid Management Issues
· Smart Grid Technology [3]
· Electric Power & Energy Management System
· Smart Energy Management Equipment and Infrastructure
· Communication Systems and Networking Infrastructures for Smart Grid, Renewable Energy Resources
o EV Charging Infrastructure
§ Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) – Europe’s opne communication platform
o Power Line Communications (PLCs)
o Home Area Networks (wireless)
§ ZigBee Home Automation
§ Wi_Fi (IEEE 802.11 WLAN)
§ Smart Energy 2.0
o Wireless Wide Area Networks
o Broadband-over-power-line with fiber backbone
o CISCO Utilities/Smart Grid, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/external_utilities.html
§ GridBlocks Architecture
§ Substation automation/integration (SAI), Neighborhood area network (NAN), Business area network (BAN), Home area network (HAN)
· Smart Grid Standards
o IEEE P2030 Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS) and End-Use Applications and Loads
Smart Energy and Energy Management (Goals)
· Affordability (affordable cost)
· Reliability (reliable service)
· Sustainability
o environmental sustainability ó sustainable electric power service ó sustainable renewable energy ó sustainable electric grid
o Growing volume of distributed renewable generation: Solar, Wind, etc
o Sustainable electric grid
Electric Power & Energy Management Systems
· Client-Side Energy Management System
o Residential energy management
o Industrial energy management
o Commercial energy management
· Supply-Side Energy Management
o Distribution management
Power Grid Management Issues
· Stochastic generation (DER – distributed energy resources/VER)
· Transactive loads and markets
· Grid control
EV System & Communication Infrastructure
· “Courting and Sparking,” Consumers & EV Market, by N. C. Kar, K.L.V. Iyer, et. al., IEEE Electrification Magazine, Sept. 2013, pp. 21-31
· “Cutting the Cord: Static and Dynamic Inductive Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles,” S. Lukic and Z. Pantic, IEEE Electrification Magazine, Sept. 2013, pp. 57-64
· Southern California Edison Offers Insights about Its Electric Vehicle Customers, T&D World, 2013/8/12, http://tdworld.com/distribution/southern-california-edison-offers-insights-about-its-electric-vehicle-customers
· National Grid Launches EV Charging Project in Upstate New York (ChargePoint and National Grid), 2013/5/28, http://tdworld.com/distribution/national-grid-launches-electric-vehicle-charging-station-project-upstate-new-york
· ChargePoint, EV Charging Network, http://www.chargepoint.com/
· Enel, http://www.enel.it/it-IT/
· Oregon Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure Program, http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/OIPP/Pages/inn_ev-charging.aspx
· Canada’s first Fast Charger network, British Columbia, CA
· EV Charging Networks
o Greenlots San Francisco, CA; Sky Network, 13 countries, http://greenlots.com/
o PlugShare, http://www.plugshare.com/
o AV Subscriber Network, http://evsolutions.avinc.com/services/subscriber_network
o Blink HQ EV Chargers, http://www.blinknetwork.com/
§ ECOtality Bankruptcy Blink EV Charging Network …, by Jeff St. John, Oct. 11, 2013, http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/ECOtality-Bankruptcy-Blink-EV-Charging-Network-Changes-Hands-But-Not-Bad-R
o NRG eVgo, http://www.evgonetwork.com/
Smart Energy Management Equipment
· Utility company ó Customers
· Smart Meter (embedded computer, power measurement electronics, radio networks)
· AMI
· Computer Servers, Database, Software programs
· Home Area Networks
· Customer energy generation
· Home energy control system
Home Area Networks (gateway) enables
· Delivering real-time energy cost and usage information
· Trade-off control (best control, optimized control) between comfort, convenience and cost
o In-home energy control devices
o New generation of automated appliances
· Support management of
o Electric vehicle connectivity
o Customer-owned generation
P&G Smart Meter Program [1]
· P&G SmartMeterTM, http://www.pge.com/en/myhome/customerservice/smartmeter/index.page
· Automated meter equipped with two-way radio communication network (low power radio) ó SmartMeter Operation Center
· Actively engage customers in maintaining the balance between “Electric Power Supply”, and “Electric Power Demand.”
· Smart Meter sends kWh, MWh data to P&G for recording
o hourly electric use (kWh) for residential customers
o energy usage (kWh, MWh) for industrial customers in 15 minute intervals
· Smart Meter also receive information and control signals from the utility
· Smart Meter can be remotely upgrade (program, services, etc)
· Also include (Energy Management Equipment)
o A remote connect and disconnect, load-limiting switch
§ Voluntary load control program
§ New service options such as pre-pay electric service
o A home area network (HAN) gateway
§ Provide near real-time energy-use information
§ Enable home energy use automation to take advantage of a range of new rate options including
· Demand-response programs
· Variable electric prices
Networking Infrastructure for Smart Grid – An Example [2]
· Broadband-Over-Power Line with Fiber Backbone (Oncor power company, http://www.oncor.com/ )
o Covers Dallas-area smart grid (65 sq miles/168 sq km), 105,000 premises, 560 miles of fiber-optic cable, and has more than 18,000 network element
o 28 substations, 200 distribution lines for delivering electric power to homes and businesses
o Three types of network elements
§ Backhaul point
· Transition the data stream from fiber optics to BPL services
§ Powerline bridges
· Located at single-phase distribution transformer within BPL footprint
· From medium-voltage distribution primary to low-voltage distribution secondary
· Pole mounted and padmounted
· Monitor voltage on both 120-V legs on the distribution secondary, capture readings at 0.1-second resolution and aggregate the data for reporting
· Interval measurements are shipped back through the network and processed in the back office through several algorithms to produce actionable alarm information
§ Low-voltage repeaters
· Repeats the BPL signal to each meters on longer secondary runs
· Both the backhaul points and the bridges use a coupler connected to the network element by coaxial cable to transfer the BPL signal on and off the medium-voltage primary from the element
o Purposes
§ Reads smart meter data
§ Monitoring network performance
§ Supports automated switching
§ Advanced warming
· Identifies areas of concerns for engineers to pinpoint potential problems
· Transformer trips
· Tree-related power disturbances
o Connected to static VAR compensator (SVC) station
§ Apparent Power = Real Power + j Reactive power
· KVA = KW + j kVAR
· MVA = MW + j MVAR
o Prototype for the rollout of a standard North American Electric Reliability Corporation
§ Cyber infrastructure protection-compliant substation IP network architecture which includes
· A standardized station router design with
o “port management” and
o multiple “virtual local area networks” for data prioritization and security
§ High-speed fiber connections enable video monitoring and electronic station access control at substation
CISCO Utilities/Smart Grid, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/external_utilities.html
· GridBlocks Architecture, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/overview_gba.pdf
· Substation automation/integration (SAI), Neighborhood area network (NAN), Business area network (BAN), Home area network (HAN)
· Network Based Architecture for Distributed Control, Jeffrey D. Taft, CISCO, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/network_based_architecture_di.pdf
Videos & Webinar
· CISCO, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/external_utilities.html
o Next Generation Utility Networks (4:30 min), http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zn7kmMfJPgg&list=PLC9B77E2CF83FB00D&index=3
o The Cisco Connected Grid (4 min),
o Going Beyond Electricity, the network powers the energy industry and the Internet of Things (IoT),
· Advanced Distribution Management System, Schneider Electric
References
· Smart Meter and Advanced Metering Infrastructure Deployment
· Edison Smart Connect Operation Center, Southern California Edison (SCE)
· OpenWay by Itron, smart metering system, www.itron.com
· FlexNet, telemetric technology, www.sensus.com/flexnet
References – Smart Meter Deployment
· PG&E Forge Active Customer Relationships, by Jana R. Corey, Transmission & Distribution World, Feb. 2012, http://tdworld.com/smart-energy-consumer/pge-forges-active-customer-relationships
· Oncor Relies on BPL (Broadband-over-power-line), by Larry Kohrmann, Transmission & Distribution World, Feb. 2010, http://tdworld.com/overhead-distribution/oncor-relies-bpl
· ONCOR Smart Grid Technology, Larry Kohrmann, Transmission & Distribution World, Feb. 2010, http://www.oncor.com/EN/Pages/Smart-Grid-Technology.aspx
· Enel Gets Charged Up Over Electric Vehicles, by Deferico Caleno and Paolo Scuro, Transmission & Distribution World, Feb. 2010, http://tdworld.com/overhead-distribution/enel-gets-charged-over-electric-vehicles
· Take Asset Decisions Off the Clock, by Dawn Toporek, Transmission & Distribution World, Feb. 2010, http://tdworld.com/substations/take-asset-decisions-clock
· Communication Systems for Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources, F. R. Yu, P. Zhang, W. Xiao and P. Choudhury, http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1107/1107.3313.pdf
· Optical Fiber Ground Wire (OPGW), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_ground_wire
· OPGW Cable System, Prysmian, http://www.ru.prysmian.com/export/sites/prysmian-ruRU/attach/pdf/pdf_telecom/opgw_system_general_brochure.pdf
· TVA Poineers the Future of Monitoring, by Theo Laugher, Bruce Rogers, Fred Elmendorf, and Mark McGranaghan, Transmission & Distribution World,Feb. 2010, http://tdworld.com/smart-energy-consumer/tva-pioneers-future-monitoring
· CISCO Utilities/Smart Grid, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/external_utilities.html
· CISCO Smart Grid: Solution for the Next Generation, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/aag_c45_539956.pdf
· Network Based Architecture for Distributed Control, Jeffrey D. Taft, CISCO, http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/network_based_architecture_di.pdf
· Tennessee Valley Authority Strategic Plan, 2007, http://www.tva.gov/stratplan/tva_strategic_plan.pdf
· Reliability of Islanded Microgrids with Stochastic Generation and Prioritized Load, Scott Knnedy and Mirjana M. Marden, 2009, MIT Open Access Articles, http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&ved=0CEkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace.mit.edu%2Fopenaccess-disseminate%2F1721.1%2F59444&ei=c16GUqy8PKPmyQHfsIC4AQ&usg=AFQjCNGl__UxLh4gfSOSfcHF9Qzk8uFUuQ&bvm=bv.56643336,d.aWc
· Power Monitoring and Control System for NEPTUNE, http://Fneptunepower.apl.washington.edu
· OC 6000e Distributed Control System, GE Energy, http://www.ge-energy.com/content/multimedia/_files/downloads/14975_oc_6000_e.pdf