Activity 1: Exploring LINUX Systems

I. Introduction:

This lab gives you an exercise on how to login and exercise commands of a LINUX system.

II. Procedures:

1. Entering and Leaving LINUX

Login the system:

• From a remote client PC, you start the TELENT client program through START --> RUN, and then enter TELNET 149.164.36.10 to connect to the ECET LINUX machine.
• You then enter your login name, and your password.
• After you login to the system, you type the command pwd to examine your present working directory.

An Example:

Red Hat Linux release 6.2 (Zoot)

Kernel 2.2.14-5.0 on an i586

login: plin

Password: xxxxxxxxx

Last login: Thu Jan 18 16:53:20 from dyn069225

Hello!

Welcome to ECET.

[plin@ecetlin plin]$ pwd

/home/plin

[plin@ecetlin plin]$

Logoff the system:

• You enter Ctrl-d (holding Ctrl key and enter d key) to end the input to the system and log you off the machine.
• You may also enter exit to logoff the machine.

2. Understanding Basic LINUX Commands (case sensitive)

• TELNET to the LINUX and Login to the system one more time
• Exercise the following commands and interpret the displays:

ls (view files information)

ls - l (view files information in a long listing format)

An example:

-rw-rw-r-- 1 plin plin 29 Sep 30 12:46 date.txt

drwxrwxr-x 2 plin plin 4096 Sep 30 13:10 localsite

-rw-rw-r-- 1 plin plin 27 Sep 30 12:50 names

-rw-rw-r-- 1 plin plin 746 Sep 30 13:06 pingfile.txt

-rwxr-xr-x 1 plin plin 101 Nov 16 16:39 printex.pl

drwxr-xr-x 2 plin plin 4096 Nov 18 12:51 public_html

-rw-rw-r-- 1 plin plin 27 Sep 30 12:59 reversenames

-rw-rw-r-- 1 plin plin 27 Sep 30 12:56 sortnames

-rw-rw-r-x 1 plin plin 34 Nov 21 17:09 test.pl

-rwxr-xr-x 1 plin plin 81 Nov 18 08:48 test1.pl

-rwxrw-r-- 1 plin plin 83 Nov 15 14:56 test2.pl

• Recognizing file permissions

• Enter the following commands, copy TELNET screen, and paste them in a MS Word file for preparing lab report (without $ and the commands are all in lower case):

$date <Display system time and date>

$who <Check to see who are you>

$cat > namefile <hit enter key, and them type three names: Susan, Jeff, Henry;

and remember to hit return key after each name entering; and then hit

Crtl-d to exit the name entering>

$ls -l <View all files>

-rw-rw-r-- 1 lin lin 21 Sep 30 12:59 names

drwxr-xr-x 2 lin lin 4096 Nov 18 09:09 public_html

-rwxrw-r-- 1 lin lin 85 Nov 18 08:48 test1.pl

-rw-rw-r-- 1 lin lin 84 Nov 18 08:46 test21.pl

Three levels of permissions:

r - Read the file or directory

w - Write the file or directory

x - Execute the file

associated with three classes of user groups:

User (u) - the owner of the file or directory. The owner's name can be seen in the display.

Group (g) - the group that owns the file.

Others (o)- the public (any users)

For example, the public_html is a directory file (d), and the owner can read, write, and execute (rwx), the group can read and execute (r-x), and public can read and execute (r-x).

$sort namefile <Sort the name file>

$cat namefile <Screen dump of name file>

$sort -r namefile <Sort file in reverse order>

$cat namefile <Display the file>

$cp namefile namefile_new <Copy a file>

$ls -l <View all files>

$mv namefile_new namefile_1 <Rename a file>

$ls -l <View all files>

$rm namefile_1 <Remove or delete a file>

$pwd <Examine present working directory>

For example:

[plin@ecetlin plin]$ pwd

/home/plin

$cd .. <Change or move one directory up>

For example:

[plin@ecetlin plin]$ cd ..

[plin@ecetlin /home]$ pwd

/home

$ls -l home <View all user directories under home directory>

$cd lin <Enter the command with your name to change back to previous directory>

$cd .. <Change or move one directory up>

$cd .. <Now you are in root directory>

$ls -l <View and understand all directories in the root>

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 May 1 2000 bin

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Jan 12 18:04 boot

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 34816 Jan 12 18:04 dev

drwxr-xr-x 31 root root 3072 Jan 18 18:05 etc

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Oct 31 23:35 groups

drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Jan 12 12:06 home

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 3072 May 1 2000 lib

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 May 1 2000 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 1024 May 2 2000 mnt

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Aug 23 1999 opt

dr-xr-xr-x 48 root root 0 Jan 12 13:03 proc

drwxr-x--- 17 root root 1024 Jan 22 21:24 root

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 3072 May 1 2000 sbin

drwxrwxrwt 11 root root 2048 Jan 23 04:03 tmp

drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 May 1 2000 usr

drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 1024 May 1 2000 var

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Nov 13 10:44 ~aung

$mkdir webprog <Make a new directory called webprog under your own directory>

$rmdir webprog <Remove or delete webprog directory>

III. Questions